Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia - ROS - 2017 - Tome 46 - N°2

Principales lésions diagnostiquées en omnipratique - Partie 2

Pages 83 to 93

Drapeau de la France
GENERAL FEATURES
In the classification of periodontal diseases (Armitage, 1999), gingival enlargement or gingival hyperplasia (GH) associated with certain medications is categorized as bacterial plaque-induced gingival modified by medications. Drugs associated with GH can be divided into 3 main categories: calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants and immunosuppressants (notably Cyclosporin A).
Cyclosporin A, alone or combined with other molecules have been prescribed as a first-line drug following to transplantations of heart, kidney or other organs. Its immunosuppressive action ensures the survival of allografts. Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil) acting primarily at the cardiac and vascular levels are prescribed in case of high blood pressure or for their antiarrhythmic, antianginal and vasodilatory properties.

Finally, gingival enlargement cases have been also reported with the administration of anticonvulsants (antiepileptics) such as phenytoin and valproic acid.

The clinical, histological and etiopathogenic characteristics of GH are very similar in patients treated with these molecules (Camargo et al., 2001;Academy Report 2004).
Authors : C. ANDRIEUX, P. BIDAULT